Certified Construction Industry Financial Professional (CCIFP) Practice Exam

Understanding contract types involves recognizing the standard ways pricing and risk are allocated in construction agreements. The material typically lists fixed price or lump sum, time and material, and cost-type contracts as the core categories. A fixed price or lump sum contract sets a single price for a defined scope, placing most of the risk on the contractor but providing price certainty for the owner. Time and material contracts base payment on actual labor hours and materials used, with rates defined in advance, which shifts more risk or burden to the owner depending on how the scope evolves. Cost-type contracts reimburse the contractor’s actual costs plus a fee or profit, with the owner bearing more of the cost risk and uncertainty.

The option describing performance-based contracting tied to outcomes isn’t treated as one of the traditional contract types in the material. While performance-based approaches exist and can influence how contracts are structured, they’re not listed as a separate standard contract type in the material, making it the item that isn’t a contract type described there.